Artsiom Isakau was detained on October 25, 2020, on illegal protesting charges. He was fined for the offense but later remanded on criminal charges.

According to the prosecution, on October 25, 2020, Artsiom Isakau took an active part in an unauthorized rally. The prosecution claims that Isakau at least twice "sprayed pepper gas in the direction of the faces and bodies" of three policemen. His actions allegedly prevented the police from detaining a drunken citizen who shouted insulting words at them. Later, during his arrest, Isakau allegedly again sprayed pepper gas at least three times in the direction of four other policemen. By doing this, he allegedly caused physical pain to the police officers.

Artsiom Isakau partially admitted his guilt but did not agree that he was an active participant in the mass event, and claimed that he had no intention of harming police officers. "In the remand prison, I was surrounded by murderers and drug addicts, and it really depressed me. It was difficult. I believe that I will bring more benefit to the society and the state being free," Isakau said in his last words.

On February 4, 2021, in the Kastryčnicki District Court of Viciebsk, Judge Siarhei Budrevich sentenced Artsiom Isakau to three years of imprisonment in a general-security penal colony.

Isakau was included in the 'List of Belarusian citizens, foreign citizens, and stateless persons involved in extremist activities'.

On August 4, 2023, the political prisoner was released from penal colony #22 in the Brest region, having fully served his sentence.